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Meteorological Service System |
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Categories of Meteorological Service
According to the Meteorological Law of the People's Republic of China, meteorological service is divided into unpaid welfare meteorological service and paid meteorological service.
(1)The unpaid welfare meteorological service refers mainly to the services provided for protecting the life and property of the people and promoting the development of economy, which is further divided into decision making meteorological service and public weather service.
The former refers to the service provided to the governments of different levels for making decisions in coordinating various economic, disaster mitigation and environment protection activities and in successful conduct of military operations, while the latter refers to the service provided through mass media to the public which includes weather forecast, warning and other weather related information.
(2)Paid meteorological service mainly refers to the service tailored in accordance with special requirements of users which is further divided into cost recovery meteorological service and commercial meteorological service.
The former refers to the special service provided according to the requirements proposed by various government departments and users of different sectors which will charge the cost added in the preparation of special meteorological service, while the latter refers to the service provided to meet special requirements of users and increase values to their commercial business. The latter service will be charged in a commercial way.
Structure of Meteorological Service
(1)The main responsibility for decision making meteorological service body is to closely watch the development of requirement on meteorological service raised by governments of different levels in conducting disaster reduction activities, to prepare tailored decision making meteorological service products in a timely and active manner, and operate and maintain the decision making meteorological service system and the terminals installed in the various government offices for distribution of meteorological service products concerned.
(2)The main responsibility of public weather service bodies is to prepare various meteorological information and products to be distributed by mass media such as TV, newspaper, radio, telephone and internet etc..
(3)The responsibility for cost recovery meteorological service bodies is to provide special meteorological service in order to meet the requirements of individual users and responsible for the preparation of meteorological information and products for cost recovery meteorological service.
(4)The main responsibility for commercial meteorological service bodies is to provide special meteorological service, which should enable users to increase the profit of their commercial business and to conduct those meteorological service projects which can be operated on market economy basis, such as paging services and environment assessment projects.
Operational Mechanism and Management
As both decision making service and public weather service are closely related to the safety of people's life and property, they are therefore fall within the scope of basic meteorological service. The total financial resources for supporting such services are from the regular budget of governments of different levels.
As the cost recovery service are prepared in accordance to the special requirements of governments of different levels and users of various sectors, the cost will be covered both by government regular budget and extra budgetary resources. The latter is designed to meet in general the cost in addition to the regular service.
The main users of commercial meteorological service are business and enterprises sectors. The providers of commercial meteorological service should be authorized by and get license from meteorological administrative authorities. They should also be registered in industrial and commercial administrations. They should run their business on the basis of self responsible for their management decisions, and their own profits and losses.
In terms of management, different meteorological service providers are administrated differently according to the nature of services provided. The decision making meteorological service and public weather service providers are generally considered as state owned institution, the cost recovery service providers are managed as intermediary agency and they are required to gradually transform to enterprises, while the commercial service providers are administrated as enterprises. |
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