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China’s early warning practice丨Progressive meteorological service to build a joint defense line against Typhoon Wipha
China's ​local early warning practice丨Meteorological departments of Zhejiang and Fujian build the first line of defense against typhoon Danas
Video: Shanghai multilingual early warning information service system released
World Cities Day丨Meteorological Services for People-Centered Smart Cities
China's meteorological departments have consistently adhered to the people-centered concept, continuously enhancing meteorological monitoring, forecasting, and early warning capabilities to support the development of smart cities.
CMA released its first AI-Powered Meteorological Service System "Fenghe"
Currently, "Fenghe" comprises 5 core modules: the Meteorological Knowledge Center, Model Square, Meteorological AI Toolbox, Intelligent Agent Factory, and Evaluation Laboratory.
Shanghai: Heatstroke warnings reach 300,000 couriers to address health risks
​Recently, Shanghai Shentong Express' APP has added a service – a "technology + updated forecast" system jointly developed by the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Yangtze River Delta Environmental Meteorological Forecast and Early Warning Center.
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Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Early Warning
Agricultural Service
Weather Modification
Industry Service
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
For many years, CMA has made every effort in terms of disaster prevention work. For different stages of meteorological disasters, CMA provides phased forecasting and early warning service products accordingly, and fully mobilizes departmental emergency coordination and social forces in this process, so that meteorological monitoring, forecasting and early warning information can be quickly transformed into disaster prevention and mitigation action for governments at all levels and the public. This progressive meteorological service mechanism has been elucidated by unique explorations in various regions. At 16:00 on July 23, 2023, the "1262" progressive service mechanism was launched by Fujian Provincial Meteorological Service in response to the first typhoon that made landfall in Fujian this year, Typhoon "Doksuri". With the coordinated efforts by the Service and the local government, key prevention areas were designated in advance and the district-based and sector-based hierarchical command system was established for rescue force deployment and personnel evacuation. In this case, FMS provided accurate weather forecast for the countermeasures of different sectors. In the flood season of 2022, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, was hit by multiple rounds of heavy rain, which damaged farmland dykes, cut off roads and destroyed infrastructure facilities. The "dual 2 mechanisms plus 5 measures" disaster prevention and mitigation mechanism of Shangluo, guided by meteorological forecasting and early warning, was employed to fight the rainstorm.
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Early warning
China has gradually formed an early warning model of "government-led, warning-triggered, cross-department coordination, and public participation". The Chinese government has formulated a series of laws, regulations, standards, systems, and emergency plans for disaster prevention and mitigation. Through early warning information, governments and relevant departments at all levels are able to carry out meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation measures in an orderly manner. Meanwhile, every effort has been made to promote the national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters so as to provide authoritative information and scientific decision-making basis for effective implementation of natural disaster prevention and control. When dealing with major disastrous synoptic processes, CMA assesses the risk of meteorological disasters in advance and, as the synoptic process approaches, keeps updating forecasting and warning services of higher spatiotemporal resolution and accuracy. At the same time, a meteorological disaster risk prediction model has been established based on disaster types, industries, regions, and time periods. Relying on the national emergency warning information release system, the national-, provincial-, city- and county-level early warning hierarchy has been established and 16 different sectors and industries have been connected within the system. 82 types of early warning information can be gathered, shared and sent out in a “one-button” mode. In addition, through customized services and localized deployment, early warning information can be spread out extensively.
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Agricultural Service
Specialized meteorological services have been provided for key agricultural seasons, for monitoring, forecasting and early warning of agrometeorological disasters, and for agricultural disease and pest prevention and control. Photovoltaic-integrated meteorological service has been strengthened. Other agriculture services include the following: "Chinese natural oxygen bars" and "climate friendly products" in rural areas, 1282 public welfare posts for meteorological observation and weather modification, targeted assistance to Tuquan, Inner Mongolia and assistance by agricultural products consumption. At the same time, CMA is making efforts to promote the pilot projects for the supply side reform of agrometeorological service and the pilot projects for seed industry meteorological service. The national exert team for agrometeorological service has been established to optimize the agrometeorological service system. And in order to enhance the meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities in rural areas, the standardization construction of the "Six Ones" for grassroots meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation has been completed, with the full coverage of town-level automatic meteorological stations. CMA has also collaborated with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to promote the quality and efficiency of agrometeorological service. 15 characteristic agrometeorological service centers have been built to drive the meteorological services of various provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) to establish provincial-level characteristic agrometeorological service centers. And regular consultations have been held to strengthen agrometeorological disaster risk warning. Tailor-made services have been provided to agricultural machinery operators and related personnel.
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Weather Modification
In recent years, China's weather modification efforts have developed rapidly, and its operational capacity and management level have been continuously improved, which have played an important role in serving agricultural production, supporting disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, supporting ecological civilization and safeguarding major emergency events. In the area of ensuring food security, great efforts have been made to vigorously implement artificial rain (snow) enhancement and hail suppression measures, with the current average annual rain augmentation area stabilizing at 5 million square kilometers and the average annual hail suppression area at around 650,000 square kilometers, contributing to bumper grain harvests in successive years. To ensure ecological safety, large-scale and regular artificial rain (snow) enhancement operations have been continuously carried out to replenish ecological water in a timely manner and provide meteorological support for soil and water conservation, vegetation restoration and biodiversity protection. Ecological restoration-type weather modification operations have been piloted throughout the Qilian Mountains, the Sanjiangyuan Region, the Tianshan Mountains, the Danjiangkou and other typical areas. To ensure water security, we have actively carried out artificial rain (snow) enhancement to respond to drought conditions, in an effort to help reservoirs replenish water and increase capacity in arid areas, and protect drinking water for people and livestock, industrial and agricultural production.
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Industry Service
China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has responded to national demands by providing meteorological support for robust transportation development. In conjunction with the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Transport, the State Railway Administration, and the State Postal Bureau, CMA has released the "14th Five-Year Plan" on Meteorological Support for Transportation. The goal is to explore the development of a contemporary, comprehensive transportation meteorological service platform. CMA offers tailor-made transportation meteorological service in terms of disasters, road sections, waterways, seas, and railway routes.
Based on the three-dimensional space, ground, air and sea-based transportation meteorological monitoring network, a modern transport meteorological service system integrating real-time monitoring, accurate forecasting, disaster warning and risk assessment has been established using physical mechanisms, machine learning, coupled interpretation and other technical means. CMA provides digital and refined meteorological factors forecasting products for transportation of any location in the country, with a time scale ranging from 10 minutes (short range and nowcasting) to monthly and seasonal scales.
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